Split magnetic resonance imaging system

ABSTRACT

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system includes a split magnet system having a pair of MRI magnet housings separated by gap. A pair of main MRI magnets are disposed within respective MRI magnet housings. A plurality of buttress assemblies are attached to the MRI magnet housings. Some or all of the buttress assemblies are provided with removable connections to the MRI magnet housings. This allows for partial disassembly of the MRI system for improved transport and maneuverability for relocating the MRI system. The MRI system can include a gantry in the gap for supporting a radiation therapy system. Also, the removably buttress assemblies can be used for housing conduits, such as electrical and fluid conduits, between the pair of MRI magnet housings.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/307,665, filed Feb. 24, 2010, titled “Split MRI System,” which ishereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present application relates to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)systems, particularly MRI systems that include a split main magnet.

2. Related Art

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging(NMRI), is primarily a medical imaging technique most commonly used inradiology to visualize the internal structure and function of the body.MRI is described, for example, by E. MARK HAACKE ET AL., MAGNETICRESONANCE IMAGING: PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES AND SEQUENCE DESIGN (Wiley-Liss1999), which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

A variety of MRI systems are known and are in wide use today. However,such systems typically include large components, making them difficultto move and install, especially in an existing space where access pointssuch as available doors and hallways provide for limitedmaneuverability.

As will therefore be appreciated, there exists advantages to improvingMRI systems so as to make such systems easier to move and install,without sacrificing the quality of the MRI system's functionality.

SUMMARY

Disclosed herein is an MRI system having a split MRI configuration thatcan more easily be relocated and installed compared to prior split MRIsystems. The disclosed MRI system is preferrably constructed so that itcan be disassembled, moved, and then installed into existing facilitiesand shielded vaults.

Aspects of the present disclosure include a magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) system comprising first and second MRI magnet housings separatedby an MRI magnet gap, with a first main MRI magnet disposed within thefirst MRI magnet housing and a second main MRI magnet disposed withinthe second MRI magnet housing. A plurality of buttress assemblies and/ortheir sub-assemblies are attached to the first and second MRI magnethousings. At least one of the plurality of buttress assemblies and/orsub-assemblies is removably attached to at least one of the first andsecond MRI magnet housings.

In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of buttressassemblies can be removably attached to both the first and second MRImagnet housings.

In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of buttressassemblies can include a first buttress sub-assembly that is attached tothe first MRI magnet housing, and a second buttress sub-assembly that isattached to the second MRI magnet housing. In such embodiments, thebuttress assembly can further include a central buttress connector thatis removably connected to first and second buttress sub-assemblies.Also, in such embodiments the first buttress sub-assembly can extendradially from an outer surface of the first MRI magnet housing whenattached thereto, and the second buttress sub-assembly can extendradially from an outer surface of the second MRI magnet housing whenattached thereto.

In some embodiments, the MRI system can further comprise a gantrypositioned in the MRI magnet gap. A radiation therapy device or otherinterventional therapeutic device can be supported by the gantry.

In some embodiments, the MRI system can further comprise a coolingsystem, which can include fluid conduit for carrying coolant for coolingthe first and second main MRI magnets. The fluid conduit can extend fromwithin the first MRI magnet housing to within the second MRI magnethousing via at least one of the removably attached buttress assemblies.

In some embodiments, the MRI system can further comprise a power system,which can include electrical conduit for providing electrical power tothe first and second main MRI magnets. The electrical conduit can extendfrom within the first MRI magnet housing to within the second MRI magnethousing via at least one of the removably attached buttress assemblies.

The first and second MRI magnet housings can be substantiallycylindrical, allowing for accommodating a patient bed within the MRIsystem for supporting a patient undergoing MRI imaging and/or othermedical treatment involving the MRI system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features, aspects, and embodiments of the inventions are described inconjunction with the attached drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1A-1C show perspective views of a first embodiment of asplit-magnet MRI system;

FIGS. 2A-2C show perspective views of a second embodiment of asplit-magnet MRI system; and

FIG. 3 shows a simplified block diagram of the split-magnet MRI systemsdisclosed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1A through 1C show perspective views of a split-magnet MRI system100. FIGS. 1A shows a fully assembled view of the MRI system 100, FIG.1B shows a partially exploded view of the MRI system 100, and FIG. 1Cshows a further exploded view of the MRI system 100.

The MRI system 100 has a split MRI configuration that can more easily berelocated and installed compared to prior MRI systems. The disclosed MRIsystem 100 is preferrably constructed so that it can be disassembled,moved, and then installed into existing facilities and shielded vaults.The MRI system 100 includes first and second cylindrical main MRI magnethousings 102 a and 102 b for housing respective cylindricalsuperconducting MRI main magnets 101 a and 101 b, respectively (shown inFIG. 3). The MRI main magnets 101 a and 101 b can be operated to producea uniform magnetic field in a Field-of-View (FOV) for imaging that isgenerally centered in a gap 104 between the two magnet housings 102 aand 102 b for imaging a patient positioned on patient bed 103.

The MRI main magnet housings 102 a and 102 b are supported and connectedto each other by buttress assemblies 105 a-105 c. According to variousembodiments, the buttress assemblies 105 a-105 c can connect the MRImain magnets 101 a and 101 b mechanically, thermally, and/orelectronically to improve the performance of the MRI main magnets 101 aand 101 b and withstand the forces between the main magnets 102 a and102 b.

Buttress assemblies 105 a-105 c include buttress sub-assemblies 106a-106 f, which extend radially out from the magnet housings 102 a and102 b, and buttress connectors 108 a-108 c, which connect respectivepairs of the buttress sub-assemblies 106 a-106 f. More specifically,buttress assembly 105 a includes buttress sub-assemblies 106 a and 106 bconnected by buttress connector 108 a; buttress assembly 105 b includesbuttress sub-assemblies 106 c and 106 d connected by buttress connector108 b; and buttress assembly 105 c includes buttress sub-assemblies 106e and 106 f connected by buttress connector 108 c.

As best shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, the buttress sub-assemblies 106 a-106d of buttress assemblies 105 a and 105 b are removable from the magnethousings 102 a and 102 b, while buttress sub-assemblies 106 e and 106 fare permanently attached to magnet housings 102 a and 102 b. However,all three of the buttress connectors 108 a-108 c are removable fromrespective buttress sub-assemblies 106 a-106 f.

The buttress sub-assemblies 106 a-106 d are removably connected tomagnet housings 102 a and 102 b using known removable connectiondevices, such as known connection hardware that can include, forexample, screws and/or nuts and bolts. In contrast, the buttresssub-assemblies 106 e and 106 f are permanently attached to the magnethousings 102 a and 10 b, respectively. For example, the buttresssub-assemblies 106 e and 106 f can be welded to the respective magnethousings 102 a and 102 b, or alternatively attached using adhesives orother permanent attachment means.

The buttress connectors 108 a-108 c are removably connected torespective pairs of buttress sub-assemblies 106 a-106 f using knownremovable connection devices, such as known connection hardware that caninclude, for example, screws or nuts and bolts.

While the illustrated embodiment includes three buttress assemblies 105,of which two include pairs of removable buttress sub-assemblies 106,this is merely one of many possible embodiments. Alternative embodimentscan include n buttress assemblies 105, where n can be any integergreater than or equal to 2, and where any number from 2 to n of thebuttress assemblies 105 can include at least one removable buttresssub-assembly 106. In other words, alternative embodiments can includeany number of buttress assemblies 105, some or all of which can includeat least one removable buttress sub-assembly 106.

The determination as to whether to construct the buttress sub-assemblies106 to be removably attached to a housing 102 or permanently attached toa housing 102 can be based on achieving a balance among such factors asportability and ease of installation. By making buttress sub-assemblies106 removable, the MRI system 100 can be disassembled into componentsthat are more portable than the fully assembled MRI system 100. On theother hand, removable assemblies can add to the steps required for finalassembly, so it may be desirable to permanently attach at least somebuttress sub-assemblies, such as buttress sub-assemblies 106 e and 106f, while making the remaining buttress sub-assemblies 106 a-106 dremovable for improved portability.

For example, removing laterally-extending buttress sub-assemblies 106 aand 106 c may allow for the MRI housing 102 a and the remainingupwardly-extending buttress sub-assembly 106 e to be more easily movedthrough hallways and doorways of existing structures.

Referring now also to FIGS. 2A-2C, an alternative MRI system is shown asMRI system 200. MRI system 200 can include elements similar to thosedescribed in connection with MRI system 100, so like elements haveretained like element numbers.

The MRI system 200 further includes a gantry 202 positioned in the gap104. The gantry 202 can be used for supporting a radiation therapydevice 204. The MRI system 200 can include, for example, a system thatis capable of locating the anatomy of interest, imaging to develop aradiation treatment plan, and imaging during radiation treatment tocorrect the treatment application for patient motion. For example, theMRI system 200 can include a radiation source, such as a Co⁶⁰ radiationsources or linear electron accelerators (LINAC), supported by a gantry202 as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2005/0197564 toDempsey, titled “System for Delivering Conformal Radiation Therapy WhileSimultaneously Imaging Soft Tissue,” which is hereby incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety, and/or as disclosed in U.S. PatentApplication Publication 2011/0012593 to Shvartsman et al., titled“Method and Apparatus for Shielding a Linear Accelerator and a MagneticResonance Imaging Device From Each Other,” which is hereby incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

Thus, in some embodiments, the gantry 202 can be used for supporting aradiation therapy device 204 in the gap between the pair of MRI mainmagnets. A radiation therapy device 204 positioned in the gap candeliver radiation beams to a radiation therapy isocenter inside theimaging FOV without significant attenuation by the MRI magnets. Thebuttress assemblies 105 a-105 c can extend around the outside of theradiotherapy unit, clearing it so that there is no interference orobstruction of the radiotherapy beams.

The gantry 202, MRI main magnet housings 102 a and 102 b, and buttressassemblies 105 a-105 c of the MRI system can be constructed to becapable of being disassembled for ease of installation into existinglinear accelerator or cobalt therapy vaults designed for radiationtherapy. In some embodiments, some or all of the buttress assemblies, orparts thereof, can be removable as described above in connection withFIGS. 1A-1C. For example, there can be n buttress assemblies, where ncan be an integer greater than or equal to 2.

The buttress assemblies can have a cold connection or a room temperatureseparation support with axial suspension straps 206 to a cryostat. Thecryostat can be slightly larger in diameter to include this suspension.

The source of radiation of the radiation therapy device 204 can be, forexample, from an accelerator such as a LINAC or from a radioactivesource such as Cobalt-60 (60Co). The radiation can be delivered inuniform beams or modulated to tailor the radiation as required by theplan. This can include directing the beam, filtering the beam, turningthe beam on and off, and shaping the beam with collimators. The imagingcan take place simultaneously to the radiation delivery to allow forgating the beam on and off to prevent delivery during motion that wouldcompromise the quality of delivery and to volumetrically record thedelivery of the radiation dose to the patient's anatomy.

It is desirable to direct the radiation to the patient without havinginterfering non-uniform radiation attenuating structures such as amagnet or gradient coils between the source and the patient. Prior MRIunits with a central gap have not included a radiation treatment deviceand the support between their magnet halves was close to the imagingvolume. One of the advantageous features of the disclosed MRI system isa superconducting MRI magnet with a central gap 104 to allow forradiation treatment. There have been proposals to pass the radiationbeam through a magnet, but this is less desirable than a clear path fromsource to patient.

Referring to FIG. 3, the disclosed MRI systems 100 and 200 can beconfigured in various embodiments where various conduits are routedthrough one or more of the buttress assemblies 105. For example, asshown in FIG. 3, the removable buttress assembly 105 a can be used tohouse electrical and/or fluid conduit that extends between the first andsecond MRI magnet housings 102 a and 102 b. Various electrical and/orfluid conduits can additionally and/or alternatively be routed throughbuttress assembly 105 b and/or 105 c. It should be noted that while FIG.3 shows MRI system 200, the description of FIG. 3 can apply equally toMRI system 100.

In some embodiments, the MRI system 200 can include a cooling system302, which may include, for example, a cryostat. The cooling system 302can include fluid conduit 304 that carries coolant for cooling the mainMRI magnets 101 a and 101 b. The fluid conduit 304 can include a seriesof connectors 306, which can include any of a variety of knownfluid-conduit connectors, at various locations at or near disassemblypoints of the buttress assembly 105 a. This allows the fluid conduit 304to be disconnected during the removal and disassembly of the buttressassembly 105 a, and then later re-connected during the re-assembly ofthe buttress assembly 105 a and re-connection of the buttress assembly105 a to the main MRI magnet housings 102 a and 102 b.

The MRI system 200 can also include a power/control system 310 that canencompass a variety of electrical and/or control systems, such ascontrolling the supply of electrical power to the main MRI magnets 101 aand 101 b during ramp up and ramp down of the MRI magnets 101 a and 101b and/or communicating various other operational control signals withthe main MRI magnets 101 a and 101 b. The power supply system 310 caninclude electrical conduit 314 that carries electricity and/or variouscontrol signals for powering and/or controlling the operation of themain MRI magnets 101 a and 101 b. The electrical conduit 314 can includea series of connectors 316, which can include any of a variety of knownelectrical connectors, at various locations at or near disassemblypoints of the buttress assembly 105 a. This allows the conduit 314 to bedisconnected during the removal and disassembly of the buttress assembly105 a, and then later re-connected during the re-assembly of thebuttress assembly 105 a and re-connection of the buttress assembly 105 ato the main MRI magnet housings 102 a and 102 b.

In some embodiments, the power/control system 310 can include a singlepower supply that can be operated to provide electrical operating powerto both of the main MRI magnets 101 a and 101 b. For example, thepower/control system 310 can include a single power supply that can beoperated to provide electrical power during ramp up and ramp down of theoperations of the main MRI magnets 101 a and 101 b.

In prior systems, each MRI magnet receives electrical power from arespective power supply. During power-up, electrical power is ramped upto each of the MRI magnets most preferrably in a simultaneous manner.However, often inhomogeneity in the main magnetic field of the MRIsystem is caused by differences in electric current to the respectivemain MRI magnets. Ideally, the electric current should be the same, orvery close to the same, in the MRI magnets, so shimming is performedusing shim coils that produce magnetic fields for correcting theinhomogeneity in the main magnetic field.

In contrast, since the present MRI system provides electrical power toboth MRI magnets 101 a and 101 b from a single power supply 310, thedifferences in electrical current to the two MRI magnets 101 a and 101 bis greatly reduced, thereby reducing the inhomogeneity in the mainmagnetic field of the MRI system as compared to prior MRI systems thatseparately powered each of the MRI magnets. As a result, the present MRIsystem can be more easily shimmed.

Embodiments of the MRI systems 100 and 200 can also include variousconfigurations of RF and gradient coils, shown generally as coils 320.Specific examples and descriptions of coils 320 are disclosed in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/951,976 to Shvartsman et al., titled“Self-Shielded Gradient Coil,” which is hereby incorporated herein byreference in its entirety. For example, the coils 320 can includegradient coils that include a gap aligned with gap 104 and gantry 202for preventing attenuation of radiotherapy beams. The gradient coilsalso have a gap in the electronics to prevent attenuating theradiotherapy beam by conducting wires, but have a thin uniformlyattenuating former to mechanically support the coils. The gradient coilsalso can have a gap in the electronics of the shield coils, but not theprimary coils, to limit attenuating the radiotherapy beam by conductingwires, but can have a compensating material to produce uniformattenuation. The gradient coils can also have a gap in the electronicsof the shield coils, but not the primary coils to limit attenuating theradiotherapy beam by conducting wires, but can have a compensatingmaterial to produce uniform attenuation and a conductor with a loweratomic number, such as Aluminum, to limit attenuation.

Preferrably, the inside diameters of the main MRI magnets 101 a and 101b allows for a radiation source of radiation therapy device 204 to besupported on the gantry 202 at a nominal radius of l1, which is thepreferred distance for present radiation therapy treatment systems. Themain MRI magnets 101 a and 101 b can be configured such that theradiotherapy beams emitted by the radiation therapy device 204 do notimpinge on the main MRI magnets 101 a and 101 b on entrance to the MRIsystem, thereby preventing attenuation and degradation of theradiotherapy beam by scattering on the MRI coils 320. In someembodiments, the main MRI magnets 101 a and 101 b and the gradient coils320 can be configured such that radiotherapy beams emitted by theradiation therapy device 204 do not impinge on the main MRI magnets 101a and 101 b or the gradient coils 320 on entrance to the MRI system,preventing attenuation and degradation of the radiotherapy beam byscattering on the MRI coils 320 or the gradient system.

While various embodiments in accordance with the disclosed principleshave been described above, it should be understood that they have beenpresented by way of example only, and are not limiting. Thus, thebreadth and scope of the invention(s) should not be limited by any ofthe above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only inaccordance with the claims and their equivalents issuing from thisdisclosure. Furthermore, the above advantages and features are providedin described embodiments, but shall not limit the application of suchissued claims to processes and structures accomplishing any or all ofthe above advantages.

Additionally, the section headings herein are provided for consistencywith the suggestions under 37 C.F.R. 1.77 or otherwise to provideorganizational cues. These headings shall not limit or characterize theinvention(s) set out in any claims that may issue from this disclosure.Specifically and by way of example, although the headings refer to a“Technical Field,” such claims should not be limited by the languagechosen under this heading to describe the so-called technical field.Further, a description of a technology in the “Background” is not to beconstrued as an admission that technology is prior art to anyinvention(s) in this disclosure. Neither is the “Summary” to beconsidered as a characterization of the invention(s) set forth in issuedclaims. Furthermore, any reference in this disclosure to “invention” inthe singular should not be used to argue that there is only a singlepoint of novelty in this disclosure. Multiple inventions may be setforth according to the limitations of the multiple claims issuing fromthis disclosure, and such claims accordingly define the invention(s),and their equivalents, that are protected thereby. In all instances, thescope of such claims shall be considered on their own merits in light ofthis disclosure, but should not be constrained by the headings set forthherein.

1. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system comprising: first andsecond MRI magnet housings separated by an MRI magnet gap; a first mainMRI magnet disposed within the first MRI magnet housing; a second mainMRI magnet disposed within the second MRI magnet housing; a firstplurality of buttress sub-assemblies attached to the first MRI magnethousing; a second plurality of buttress sub-assemblies attached to thesecond MRI magnet housing; and a plurality of central buttressconnectors, each configured to be removably connected to a respectiveone of the first plurality of buttress sub-assemblies and to arespective one of the second plurality of buttress sub-assemblies;wherein at least one of the first plurality of buttress sub-assembliesand at least one of the second plurality of buttress sub-assemblies isremovably attached to the respective MRI magnet housing.
 2. The MRIsystem of claim 1, further comprising a gantry positioned in the MRImagnet gap.
 3. The MRI system of claim 2, further comprising a radiationtherapy device supported by the gantry.
 4. The MRI system of claim 1,further comprising a cooling system, the cooling system including fluidconduit for carrying coolant for cooling the first and second main MRImagnets.
 5. The MRI system of claim 4, wherein the fluid conduit extendsfrom within the first MRI magnet housing to within the second MRI magnethousing via at least one of the removably attached first plurality ofbuttress sub-assemblies and at least one of the removably attachedsecond plurality of buttress sub-assemblies.
 6. The MRI system of claim1, further comprising a power system, the power system includingelectrical conduit for providing electrical power to the first andsecond main MRI magnets.
 7. The MRI system of claim 6, wherein theelectrical conduit extends from within the first MRI magnet housing towithin the second MRI magnet housing via at least one of the removablyattached first plurality of buttress sub-assemblies and at least one ofthe removably attached second plurality of buttress sub-assemblies. 8.The MRI system of claim 1, wherein each of the first plurality ofbuttress sub-assemblies extends radially from an outer surface of thefirst MRI magnet housing.
 9. The MRI system of claim 1, wherein each ofthe second plurality of buttress sub-assemblies extends radially from anouter surface of the second MRI magnet housing.
 10. The MRI system ofclaim 1, wherein the first and second MRI magnet housings aresubstantially cylindrical.
 11. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systemcomprising: first and second MRI magnet housings separated by an MRImagnet gap; a first main MRI magnet disposed within the first MRI magnethousing; a second main MRI magnet disposed within the second MRI magnethousing; and a plurality of buttress assemblies attached to the firstand second MRI magnet housings; wherein at least one of the plurality ofbuttress assemblies is removably attached to at least one of the firstand second MRI magnet housings.
 12. The MRI system of claim 11, whereinthe at least one of the plurality of buttress assemblies is removablyattached to the first and second MRI magnet housings.
 13. The MRI systemof claim 11, wherein the at least one of the plurality of buttressassemblies includes a sub-assembly that is removably attached to one ofthe first and second MRI magnet housings.
 14. The MRI system of claim11, wherein the at least one of the plurality of buttress assembliesincludes a first buttress sub-assembly attached to the first MRI magnethousing and a second buttress sub-assembly attached to the second MRImagnet housing.
 15. The MRI system of claim 14, wherein the at least oneof the plurality of buttress assemblies includes a central buttressconnector that is removably connected to first and second buttresssub-assemblies.
 16. The MRI system of claim 14, wherein the firstbuttress sub-assembly extends radially from an outer surface of thefirst MRI magnet housing, and the second buttress sub-assembly extendsradially from an outer surface of the second MRI magnet housing.
 17. TheMRI system of claim 11, further comprising a gantry positioned in theMRI magnet gap.
 18. The MRI system of claim 17, further comprising aradiation therapy device supported by the gantry.
 19. The MRI system ofclaim 11, further comprising a cooling system, the cooling systemincluding fluid conduit for carrying coolant for cooling the first andsecond main MRI magnets.
 20. The MRI system of claim 19, wherein thefluid conduit extends from within the first MRI magnet housing to withinthe second MRI magnet housing via at least one of the removably attachedbuttress assemblies.
 21. The MRI system of claim 11, further comprisinga power system, the power system including electrical conduit forproviding electrical power to the first and second main MRI magnets. 22.The MRI system of claim 21, wherein the electrical conduit extends fromwithin the first MRI magnet housing to within the second MRI magnethousing via at least one of the removably attached buttress assemblies.23. The MRI system of claim 11, wherein the first and second MRI magnethousings are substantially cylindrical.